The American College of Radiology considers which of the following as relative contraindications for MRI?

The American College of Radiology identifies implanted cardiac devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, as relative contraindications for MRI procedures. This classification is important because while patients with these devices may still undergo MRI in specific situations, they require careful evaluation and monitoring. The magnetic fields and radiofrequency energy generated during MRI can interfere with the operation of these devices, potentially leading to malfunctions or complications. Medical professionals must assess the risks versus benefits and consider alternative imaging methods or protocols that minimize risks to the patient.

Regarding the other options, artificial joints and dental implants typically pose minimal risk for MRI and do not generally classify as contraindications. Orthopedic hardware may also be permissible depending on the type and location, and while it may require special consideration, it often doesn't preclude MRI entirely. Likewise, insulin pumps and cochlear implants have varying degrees of compatibility with MRI, and similar considerations apply, but they are often seen under different guidelines than cardiac devices. This distinction underscores the specific risks associated with cardiac devices compared to other implants and hardware when considering MRI suitability.