Which pulse sequences are associated with the greatest peripheral nerve stimulation?

EPI (Echo Planar Imaging) and DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) are associated with the greatest peripheral nerve stimulation due to their specific imaging techniques that utilize very rapid gradient changes. This rapid switching of the magnetic gradients during EPI creates a strong magnetic field gradient, which can induce significant electrical currents in nearby nerves. As the rate of gradient switching increases to capture images quickly in these sequences, the potential for peripheral nerve stimulation also rises substantially.

In contrast, other pulse sequences, like Turbo Spin Echo, Fast Spin Echo, and Spin Echo, generally employ more gradual gradient changes and longer acquisition times, which help to minimize the risk of nerve stimulation. While these methods can still cause some peripheral nerve effects under certain conditions, their design is less likely to provoke significant stimulation compared to the fast gradient changes seen in EPI and DTI. This understanding is crucial for safely managing patients undergoing MRI, particularly those who may be more susceptible to these effects.